WEBVTT

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How do you prepare young men for a war that has long since become hell?

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How does a volunteer program work that lures recruits with money to find soldiers

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for the trench warfare in Ukraine?

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And what happens to those who sign up?

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In Crisis Mode, the podcast from Conflict Zones with Jan Jessen.

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Music.

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Hello to a new episode of the Crisis Mode. Mein Name ist Jan Jessen.

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Ich bin der Politiker der NRZ und bin ein Reporter für die Funk Media Group

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in crisis regions für viele Jahre.

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Heute, ich bin zu einem Training Camp in eastern Ukraine. Das ist wo wir,

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ein Ort wir nicht genauer name, für eine gute Grunde.

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Denn diese Training Centers oder Training Grounds sind auch die Tarkance für Russische attacks.

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The day before wir arrived at this Training Center in eastern Ukraine,

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there war ein Attack neben Sumy, auf der Borde mit Russland.

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Six Recruits wurden killed. Just a few days ago, a few days before this recording,

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there was another attack on a training center.

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Twelve recruits or soldiers were killed, so these training centers are indeed

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targets for Russian air forces, and that's why the exact name or location of

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this training camp can't be mentioned.

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It was a kind of hollow, surrounded by hilly, forested terrain.

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They had built a training course there where these soldiers were training.

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It was a training ground of the 28th Brigade, which I visited multiple times

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before. On the day we were there, 30 young men between the ages of 18 and 24

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were on-site, training for their first frontline deployment.

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All of them were volunteers, attracted by a new recruitment programme.

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You may know that Ukraine has massive recruitment problems. The brigades at

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the front are now severely understaffed.

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The losses are simply immense, both those who are killed or so severely injured

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that they can no longer fight.

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It's been relatively difficult for Ukraine to find volunteers,

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even when it comes to general mobilisation.

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Normally men aged 25 and older are required to serve or can be conscripted into

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the Ukrainian army. That's also proving difficult.

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Many avoid military service. The number of deserters is increasing.

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We discussed this in another episode of our podcast. We'll put that in the show notes.

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So now there are attempts to make military service more appealing.

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And for that, a volunteer program was launched earlier this year.

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Those who commit for one year are promised, among other things,

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a salary equivalent to 22,000 euros per year.

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Sounds low at first, but in a country where the average annual income is €5,000,

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it's quite attractive for some young men.

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So the people we met at this training ground, these recruits,

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had all come through that programme.

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And the question is, what does training even mean, and how can you possibly

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learn what's happening at the front?

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The reports and videos we see from the front are brutal, absolutely horrific.

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It's truly a bloodbath happening up there now, especially due to the immense

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activity of drones. Die battlefield ist mehr transparent als immer,

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und es einfach ultra, ultra, ultra gefährlich ist jetzt.

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Die junge Recherche hatten bereits vier Wochen der Training und waren bereit,

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dass sie einen sehr speziellen Kursen das Tag haben, was sie zu den Füßen und

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Psychologischen Grenzen.

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Ein von den Instrukturen, Mikola, ein altes Soldat und der Head des Trainers,

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erklärtete, was das Tag war.

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Es ist primarily über Psychologische Training. Wir wollen diese Menschen in

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die Kriegsbewegung machen.

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Sie lernen, wie sie zu tun, Armour und Stress haben.

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Und sie sollten diese Skills mit ihnen zu den Frontlines nehmen.

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Was wir da war, was wirklich Training unter realen Kombat conditions.

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Die Instructors waren live-ammunition. Wir mussten die Protekte-Vests und Helmets

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aufsicht, weil die Bullets literally fliegen um uns.

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Manchmal hört sie sie über. Es war wie ein Amerikaner Film, wie ein Full Metal Jacket.

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Die Instructors shouted at the young men as they crawled through barbed wire.

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Shots were fired right next to them. Earth flew up from the bullet impacts.

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It was pretty intense. Of course, I also spoke with some of the young men there

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and asked what motivated them.

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One of them is Andriy, 21, from a region in western Ukraine.

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He wants to serve as a medic at the front.

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They said it's your decision. You can leave whenever you want.

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Half of my money went to my family, the other half to friends.

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That was important to me. Die erste Erhöhung ist ungefähr 4,500 Euro.

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Sie bekommen das sofort nach dem Kontrakt zu erhalten.

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Andrei sagte er ein Teil von seinem Familie und ein paar zu seinen Freunden.

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Sie waren sicherlich glücklich darüber.

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Again, 4,300 Euro ist eine volljährige Zahl in Ukraine. A huge amount von Geld,

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von Ukrainianem Standards.

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By the way, obwohl Andrei will sein, alle volunteers sind in der Infanterie.

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Wenn Sie in der Programme joinen und signieren, Sie gehen in der Infanterie.

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Du kannst dann wählen, ein Medik, ein Sniper oder ein Storm Unit sein.

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Aber du bist ein Teil der Infanterie.

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Und Infanterie ist jetzt die größte Herausforderung.

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Es gibt Fronten, wo mehr als die Hälfte der Begriff nicht zurückkommen sind.

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Sie either die, oder sind wirklich sehr verletzt. Die Situation auf der Fronten ist extrem brutal.

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Some Recruits nicht sogar sagen, wie ein 20-jähriger von der Kyiv-Region,

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der nicht wollte, dass er seine Namen hat.

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Er hat sich auf die Hälfte auf seinem eigenen, ohne zu sprechen zu sein.

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You can imagine that a mother might not be thrilled to hear that her son is

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going to the front, or being prepared for it. I felt torn when he told me that.

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I think it's something you should discuss with your family.

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I didn't tell my mother I was leaving until a week later. But these guys are

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adults, legally of age, and can do what they want.

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For many, money really is a decisive factor in choosing to join the army.

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They told us that openly. But it's not the only reason Stanislav,

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for example, in his early 20s from the Dnipro-Petrovsk region sees it as a chance

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too. That's also part of this programme.

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After the year of service, if you survive, you're exempt from conscription for a long time.

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You're allowed to travel abroad. You get your education or university studies paid for.

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You receive free medical care, including dental work. It's a very attractive package, to be honest.

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And as Stanislav said, I want to defend my country. Für viele,

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das ist auch eine reale Motivation zu picken, eine Weapon zu holen.

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Für Ukraine's leadership, das Programm ist ein Risky-Balancing-Act.

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Auf der einen Seite, die Menschen sind mit Geld zu verabschieden,

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die die Exhausted-Depleted Brigades sind wichtig.

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Es gibt enormen Probleme, dass es auch ein Resistanz zu, wie recruitment officers

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manchmal forcefully conscripte Menschen auf die Straße.

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Es gibt bereits viele Anzeige Anzeige, sogar eine Anzeige Anzeige gegen recruitment.

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There's a lot of resentment.

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The number of volunteers has dropped significantly. When Russia first invaded

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in February 2022, tens of thousands signed up to fight.

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Many of them are now dead or too wounded to continue. So new ways must be found

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to maintain the Ukrainian army's combat readiness.

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That's why this volunteer program was introduced.

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But of course, this too can cause unrest. Some soldiers already in service say,

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Why are these new recruits getting such good conditions while we were conscripted,

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have been serving for at least three years, probably longer,

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and get worse pay without these benefits?

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Das kann frustrieren in den ranks. Und es könnte auch soziale tensionen,

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besonders wenn viele 18-24 Jahre alt sind.

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Das könnte protestieren. Angry Mothers in den Straßen. So die Regierung ist auf die Räume.

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Wie es endet wird, niemand weiß.

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Es gibt eine Worte in der Campen. Wir sind ein Millionen, bis die erste Grenade. Warum ein Millionen?

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Weil die Zahl ist 1 Millionen Hrivn, die Ukraine-kurrenz, die 22,000 Euro.

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Die Motivationen von diesen Youngen Recruiten sind von patriotic Idealismus

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zu den Prospekt, von einem viel Geld in einem Jahr und von einem Geld zu bekommen.

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Für viele, es ist auch ein Rite of Passage, etwas zu sagen, zu sagen, zu Freunde.

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Ich habe niemandem gesagt, vielleicht ein Freund, und er hat gesagt, du bist ein Idiot.

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Es ist ein guter Opportunity. Ich habe eine Ausbildung, ich habe einen Studium,

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und natürlich, ich will, ich will, ich will, ich will, ich will,

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Many brigades are recruiting in a TikTok-style way.

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You see lots of billboards in Ukraine with soldiers fighting zombies or orks,

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or riding cats through zombie armies.

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It's clearly aimed at a young audience. And maybe that's another reason why

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some sign up. They don't want to look like cowards.

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There are many factors at play. The training, in any case, is extremely tough.

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The guys we saw had already been training for four weeks and had learned a lot.

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As I mentioned earlier, and as you heard in the sound snippets,

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the training is really intense. They're fully equipped.

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Backpack, gas mask, rifle, everything you'd carry in the field,

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including bulletproof vests.

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They're pushed through the course. A course like the ones you see in movies,

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with various obstacles, trench systems they have to jump into and run through.

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As if storming a trench held by Russians.

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Some of the recruits even trained with live ammunition.

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Then they go into bunkers filled with smoke grenades. Landmines explode,

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deafeningly loud. Hand grenades are thrown.

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All to put recruits under massive psychological stress, on top of the extreme physical exertion.

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The guys were absolutely exhausted by the time they reached the end of the course.

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Das ist Mikola, der der Vorführer, die die vorhin gesprochen hat.

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Er hat mir ein Quote, ich finde, ein bisschen borderline. Er ist wichtig.

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Dass er die Beobachtung aus der Beobachtung ist, um sie zu zeigen,

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um sie zu zeigen, um sie zu zeigen.

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The goal of such exercises ist zu unbalance the fighter.

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Wir simulate a mass enemy attack und want to see if they will complete their mission or collapse.

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Will they act or crawl into a hole? Today proved that we are well prepared.

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Everyone completed the parkour. No one dropped out.

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The rhetoric is, of course, very martial in such a situation.

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Talk of warriors, fighters and so on.

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But this ground combat we witnessed, infantry warfare, is just one part of it.

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Ukrainians are facing serious problems on many fronts right now.

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As I said, recruitment issues on one side.

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On the other, the Russians have been advancing steadily in recent weeks.

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The summer offensive has begun, particularly in Donbass, near Kostyantinivka,

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Kramatorsk, Slovyansk, and also in the north, near Sumy, there are growing Russian attacks.

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At the same time, Ukraine has struck back impressively. The weekend before this

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podcast was recorded, there was an unprecedented attack. You've probably heard about it.

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Something never before seen in military history, an attack by Ukrainian intelligence

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on Russian airfields, inside Russia, deep inside Russia, in Siberia,

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thousands of kilometers away.

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Ukrainian intelligence managed to smuggle drones into Russia,

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to Siberia even, and Murmansk in the far north near the Arctic.

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The drones were hidden in trucks, and the roofs of the trucks,

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parked near airfields, opened remotely to release the drones,

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which then attacked Russia's strategic bomber fleet.

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It was a truly insane operation.

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Maybe we'll talk more about how something like that works and the enormous logistics

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behind it in another episode.

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Ukraine, despite limited resources, keeps hitting back, trying new approaches

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to stay in the fight and to position itself as strongly as possible in the negotiations

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now underway in Istanbul.

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At the time of this podcast recording, the second round of negotiations had

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just taken place, which is not exactly weak. I mean, in negotiations,

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it's simply important to be

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in a strong negotiating position to force the opponent into compromises.

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At the moment, the whole thing is really difficult.

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One has to say, the positions are very, very far apart.

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There's no sign that this will be resolved in the next few weeks or months,

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especially since the US is no longer acting as a mediator.

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So, as I said, it's currently a bit difficult. But back to the training camp,

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one recruit who particularly stood out was Daniel. Daniel also looked like a

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very young man with a real boyish face and a bit of peach fuzz,

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and he was very talkative.

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There are no people who aren't afraid. People who aren't afraid don't live.

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Do I think about what the future will hold so, but very cautiously?

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Why? Because I understand that when I think about that, everyone is afraid.

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Anyone who isn't afraid isn't alive.

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I don't often think about what awaits me at the front, otherwise it would break me.

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Sometimes I imagine myself lying in the trench when it's raining or when we're attacked.

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I try to be prepared, even if I'm never 100% successful. But that's why I'm

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here. That's why I train.

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He's from Krivje Rii. That's Zelensky's hometown.

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And his radio call sign is Historian. Soldiers always have call signs Those

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aren't their real names Everyone can choose their fighter name Their radio call sign,

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so to speak And he told me he'd been interested in military history Since he

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was a child The death of his father left a mark on him And when the Russians

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invaded Ukraine He told his mother I'll join the military one day He was 15 then Now as I said,

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he's 18 And his statements really hit you deeply,

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There are no people who aren't afraid People who aren't afraid.

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Das ist einfach so, dass wir in den Osten arbeiten können.

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Ich weiß, dass wir eine lange Zeit gehen können, um die Menschen zu verabschieden.

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Das ist die Wille zu leben.

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Wir machen das nicht für Spaß. Wir machen das einfach so, dass wir das zu leben.

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In Gesprächen, Daniel kommt heraus als sehr klar und composed,

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und wie ich sagte, es war sehr wichtig für ihn zu sprechen.

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But he also knows that the training is, of course, only the beginning.

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Yes, like I said, he's not someone, and he made that very clear to me,

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who makes quick decisions.

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He really prepared for this for a long time, also for what he's doing there.

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And he wrestled with the decision for a long time, whether he really wanted to do it.

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He has now decided to go through with it.

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I can only hope that it wasn't a decision he'll pay for with his life or his

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physical health or his mental health.

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That happens in war, of course. Und wie ich sagte, ich hoffe,

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er macht es aus clean. Ich hoffe, sie alle machen es aus clean.

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Sie sind einfach junge Menschen, die, wenn sie mit dem Training fertig sind,

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sie jetzt noch vier Wochen von Spezialis-Training haben, werden zu den Front

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und in die Hell. Es gibt keine andere Art.

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Was gerade passiert ist Hell. All die reports you see, all die reports you hear,

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also von Soldaten, sagen, dass es einfach absolut brutal ist.

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On meiner letzte trip, ich sprach mit jemandem, der mich war in der Front-Section

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zwischen Kostyantinivka und Pokrovsk in eastern Ukraine, in the southeast.

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He said that nowadays, when you go all the way up to the zero line,

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that's the very front line, in the provisional holes you have to dig yourself,

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Russian drones can drop up to 150 drone grenades into holes where two soldiers

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are lying. It's just complete madness.

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What must be going on up there right now? It must really, really be insane.

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And in that sense, these young people are being sent into hell.

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Und das ist vielleicht etwas, dass sie nicht wirklich vorbereitet werden können,

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egal wie gut die Training ist.

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Das ist wie die Krieg weitergeht, jetzt in der vierten Jahre.

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Für fast drei und ein halb Jahre, Russland hat sich in der Krieg gegen Ukraine gewonnen.

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Für fast drei und ein halb Jahre, Russland hat sich in der Ukraine gebrochenen

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Stadt und critical Infrastruktur.

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Und für fast drei und ein halb Jahre, die Menschen sind auf der Front,

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für eine Krieg, die Putin begonnen hat.

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Und das wird, hoffentlich, auf der Negotiating Table geschlossen.

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Whether and when that will happen is the big question. Maybe Stanislav,

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Daniel and Andri will be lucky.

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Maybe this war will end quickly and they won't have to complete a whole year and fight.

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But the outlook, as I already said, is difficult at the diplomatic level.

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The war simply continues without pause.

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Russia has so far rejected offers or calls for a ceasefire. And ceasefires that

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had been declared have been consistently broken.

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Civilians are dying again and again, for example in attacks on the Zaporizhia region and elsewhere.

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Children among them. Moscow also speaks of Ukrainian strikes.

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Ukraine has been hitting targets more often now in the Russian hinterland.

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These attacks on airports are being talked about a lot right now.

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But there are also repeated sabotage operations.

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Bridges are being blown up, inside Russia itself. So the war is spreading rather than being contained.

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Dank.

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In Crisis Mode, the podcast from Conflict Zones with Jan Jessen.

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Music.